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Summary
This data set consists of national and regional temperature estimates
over the contiguous United States derived by using records from the
National Climatic Data Center's (NOAA/NCDC) United States Historical
Climatology Network (HCN) (Karl et al. 1990). The HCN dataset,
extended through September 1992, contain 1221 stations. The
temperature anomaly time ... series, relative to a 1961-1990 means for
each station, were generated for each individual station. The station
temperature anomalies were then aggregated into regional mean
temperature anomaly series. NCDC divided the nation into 23 regions
on the basis of terrain, vegetation, and climate characteristics in
relation to the rest of the country and to the continent as a whole.
These regions include:

Contiguous United States
North Pacific Coast
South Pacific Coast
North Cascades
California Interior Valleys
East Slope North Cascades
Great Basin
Southern Desert
Northern Rockies
Southern Rockies
Northern Steppes
Souther Steppes
Northern Plains
Southern Plains
South Coastal Plain
Gulf Coast
Great Lakes
Eastern Prairies
Northern Appalachians
Southern Appalachians
Northern Piedmont
Southern Piedmont
Coastal Northeast
Coastal Southeast

The data are expressed as degrees Celsius anomalies from the 1961-1990
reference for each year from 1900 - 1992. Data are tabulated for
calendar year (January-December), and for Winter (December-February),
Spring (March-May), Summer (June-August), and Fall
(September-November), and a Seasonal year mean.

The citation for this dataset is:

Karl, T.R., D.R. Easterling, R.W. Knight, and
P.Y. Hughes. 1994. "U.S. national and regional temperature anomalies",
pp. 686-736. In T.A. Boden, D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss
(eds.), Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global
Change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

The global and hemispheric temperature data is available via ftp from:

ftp://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/pub/trends93/temp


Additional relevant Numeric Data Packages (NDP) available from CDIAC
include:

http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp019/ndp019.html

U.S. monthly precipitation & temperature data (USHCN) (1891-1987)

and

ftp://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/pub/db1004
Monthly temperature & precipitation data - Alaska, USA (1828-1990)

See also the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) at:

http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov:80/cdiac/ghcn/ghcn.html

Further information about NOAA/National Climatic Data Center can be
obtained from:

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/

CDIAC has provided an anonymous FTP area to all data files, retrieval
codes, and descriptive files for all data available in CDIAC's
anonymous FTP in pub/trends93/co2. The FTP address is
CDIAC.ESD.ORNL.GOV and 160.91.18.18 and input your email address as
the password. The data bases are arranged as subdirectories in
/pub/trends93/ (co2, ch4, trace, emiss, precip, and temp) that
correspond to major chapter headings in Trends '93. The data files are
arranged as xxxxx.yyy where xxxxx is the name of the station, country,
site, region, or principle investigator and yyy is the page number in
Trends '93 (example: vostok.009 refers to the Vostok ice core dataset
as tabulated on page 9.

Geographic Coverage Spatial coordinates   

N: 50.0

S: 23.0

E: -75.0

W: -160.0

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1900-01-01 Stop Date: 1992-12-31

Location Keywords

CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL LOCATION > TROPOSPHERE CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Science Keywords

ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES

ISO Topic Category

CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Ancillary Keywords

FTP GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE EFFECT HCN HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK NCDC SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES TRENDS'93 UNITED STATES

Originating Center

CDIAC

Data Center

Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy Data Center URL: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ Dataset ID: civalley.697 Dataset ID: cnorth.733 Dataset ID: csouth.735 Dataset ID: eastern.723 Dataset ID: esnc.699 Dataset ID: gbasin.701 Dataset ID: glakes.721 Dataset ID: gulf.719 Dataset ID: nappala.725 Dataset ID: national.689 Dataset ID: ncascade.695 Dataset ID: npacific.691 Dataset ID: npied.729 Dataset ID: nplains.713 Dataset ID: nrocky.705 Dataset ID: nsteppes.709 Dataset ID: sappala.727 Dataset ID: scplains.717 Dataset ID: sdesert.703 Dataset ID: spacific.693 Dataset ID: spied.731 Dataset ID: splains.715 Dataset ID: srocky.707 Dataset ID: ssteppes.711 Data Center Personnel Name: CARBON DIOXIDE INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER Phone: (865) 574-3645 Fax: (865) 574-2232 Email: CDIAC at ORNL.GOV Contact Address: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O.. Box 2008 City: OAK RIDGE Province or State: TENNESSEE Postal Code: 37831-6335 Country: USA

Distribution

Distribution Media: ftp

Personnel

DAVID R. EASTERLING Role: INVESTIGATOR Phone: 704-271-4245 Email: deasterl at ncdc.noaa.gov Contact Address: National Climatic Data Center Global Climate Laboratory Federal Building 151 Patton Avenue City: Asheville Province or State: NC Postal Code: 28801-5001 Country: USA PAMELA Y. HUGHES Role: INVESTIGATOR Phone: 704-271-4021 Email: phughes at ncdc.noaa.gov Contact Address: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center 151 Patton Avenue City: Asheville Province or State: North Carolina Postal Code: 28801 Country: USA THOMAS R. KARL Role: INVESTIGATOR Phone: (704) 271-4319 Email: tkarl at ncdc.noaa.gov Contact Address: National Climatic Data Center Global Climate Laboratory Federal Building 151 Patton Avenue City: Asheville Province or State: NC Postal Code: 28801-5001 Country: USA RICHARD W. KNIGHT Role: INVESTIGATOR Phone: 704-271-4452 Email: dknight at ncdc.noaa.gov Contact Address: National Climatic Data Center Global Climate Laboratory Federal Building 151 Patton Avenue City: Asheville Province or State: NC Postal Code: 28801-5001 Country: USA GENE R. MAJOR Role: DIF AUTHOR Email: gsfc-gcmduso at mail.nasa.gov

Publications/References

Boden, T.A., D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss
(eds.). 1994. 'Trends '93: A compendium of data on global
change',ORNL/CDIAC-65, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.

Groisman, P.Ya., T.R. Karl, and R.W. Knight. 1994. "Observed impact of
snow cover on the heat balance and the rise of ... continental spring
temperatures", Science, Vol. 263, pp. 198-200.

Hanson, K., G.A. Maul, and T.R. Karl. 1989. "Are atmospheric
'greenhouse' effects apparent in the climatic record of the
contiguous U.S. (1985-1987)?", Geophys. Res. Letters, Vol. 16,
pp. 49-52.

Karl, T.R., and C.N. Williams, Jr., 1987. "An approach to adjusting
climatological time series for discontinuous inhomogeneities", J. of
Climate and Appl. Meteor., Vol. 26, pp. 1744-1763.

Karl, T.R., G. Kukla, and J. Gavin. 1984. "Decreasing diurnal
temperature range in the United States and Canada from 1941 through
1980", J. of Climate and Appl. Meteor., Vol. 23, pp. 1489-1504.

Karl, T.R., G. Kukla, and J. Gavin. 1986a. "Relationship between
decreased temperature range and precipitation trends in the United
States and Canada from 1941 through 1980", J. of Climate and
Appl. Meteor., Vol. 26, pp. 1878-1886.

Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., P.J. Young, and
W.M. Wendland. 1986b. "A model to estimate the time of observation
bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum, and mean
temperatures for the United States", J. of Climate and Appl. Meteor.,
Vol. 25, pp. 145-160.

Karl, T.R., R.G. Baldwin, and M.G. Burgin. 1988a. "Time series of
regional season averages of maximum, minimum, and average temperature,
and diurnal temperature range across the United States: 1901-84",
Historical Climatology Series 4-5. National Climatic Data Center,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Asheville,
North Carolina.

Karl, T.R., H.F. Diaz, and G. Kukla. 1988b. "Urbinization: Its
detection and effect in the United States climate record", J. of
Climate, Vol. 1, pp. 1099-1123.

Karl, T.R., J.D. Tarpley, R.G. Quayle, H.F. Diaz, D.A. Robinson, and
R.S. Bradley. 1989. "The recent climate record: What it can and cannot
tell us", Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 27, pp. 405-430.

Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., and F.T. Quinlan. 1990. "United Sattes
Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Serial Temperature and
Precipitation Data", NDP-019/R1. Carbon Dioxide Information and
Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.

Karl, T.R., P.D. Jones, R.W. Knight, G. Kukla, N. Plummer,
V. Razuvayev, K.P. Gallo, J. Lindseay, R.J. Charlson, and
T.C. Peterson. 1993. "A new perspective on recent global warming:
Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature", Bulletin
of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 74, pp. 1007-1023.

Karl, T.R., D.R. Easterling, R.W. Knight, and
P.Y. Hughes. 1994. "U.S. national and regional temperature anomalies",
pp. 686-736. In T.A. Boden, D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss
(eds.), Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global
Change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

Plantico, M.S., T.R. Karl, G. Kukla, and J. Gavin. 1990. "Is recent
climate change across the United States related to rising levels of
anthropogenic greenhouse gases?", J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 95,
pp. 16617-16637

Creation and Review Dates

Last DIF Revision Date: 2001-11-08

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