Global Change Master Directorygsfc-gcmduso@mail.nasa.gov502013-06-19T05:18:13ZNASA Search: Parameters|BIOSPHEREhttp://mddemo.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/OpenSearch.do 827 0 http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]EDM_SA_VEGETATIONECOSYSTEM DEMOGRAPHY MODEL: SCALING VEGETATION DYNAMICS ACROSS SOUTH AMERICA-85.0,-15.0,-30.0,15.01987-01-01T00:00:00Z1988-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-12T04:00:00ZThis model product contains the source code for the Ecosystem Demography Model (ED version 1.0) as well as model input and output data for a portion of South America including the Brazilian Amazon. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1362Global Forest Canopy Density (Europe)-27.72,34.56,68.1,85.211995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-12T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1361Global Forest Canopy Density (North America)-178.97,8.56,-11.98,87.951995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-12T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1360Global Forest Canopy Density (South America)-122.85,-55.78,-18.14,30.461995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-12T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MOD14_C5_NRTMODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 1km-180.0,-80.0,180.0,80.02013-06-12T00:00:00Z2013-06-19T00:00:00Z2013-06-11T04:00:00ZMODIS Near Real Time (NRT) Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (when ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MOD14CRSMODIS/Terra Coarse Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 5km V005-180.0,-81.0,180.0,81.02013-06-10T04:00:00ZMODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (a fire of strength sufficient ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MOD14CRS_C5_NRTMODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Coarse Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 5km V005-180.0,-81.0,180.0,81.02013-06-10T04:00:00ZMODIS Near Real Time (NRT) Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (a ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MOD14MODIS/Terra Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 1km-180.0,-80.0,180.0,80.02000-02-24T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-10T04:00:00ZMODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (when the fire strength ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1358Global Forest Canopy Density (Africa)-33.19,-41.41,62.62,40.041995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-07T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1363Global Forest Canopy Density (Middle East)29.09,9.24,63.99,38.671995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-07T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1368Global Forest Cover (North America)-178.97,8.56,-11.98,87.951995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-07T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1366Global Forest Cover (Asia)26.35,-10.61,179.66,89.321995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-05T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1369Global Forest Cover (Europe)-27.72,34.56,68.1,85.211995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-05T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MIL3MLS4MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering a month V004-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-03-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering a month contains a statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MIL3QLS4MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering a quarter (seasonal) V004-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-03-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering quarter(seasonal) contains a statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MIL3YLS4MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering a year V004-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-03-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Product covering a year contains a statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), DHR ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MI3DLSF2MISR Level 3 Daily FIRSTLOOK Component Global Land Product V002-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02007-06-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 FIRSTLOOK Component Global Land Product contains a daily statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), DHR ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MI3DLSNF2MISR Level 3 Daily FIRSTLOOK Global Land Product in netCDF V002-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02007-06-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 FIRSTLOOK Global Land Product in netCDF format contains a daily statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MIL3MLSN4MISR Level 3 Monthly Component Global Land Product in netCDF V004-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02002-02-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Monthly Component Global Land Product in netCDF contains a monthly statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MI3MLSF2MISR Level 3 Monthly FIRSTLOOK Component Global Land Product V002-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02007-07-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Monthly FIRSTLOOK Component Global Land Product contains a monthly statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MIL3QLSN4MISR Level 3 Seasonal Component Global Land Product in netCDF V004-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-03-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2013-06-04T04:00:00ZThe MISR Level 3 Component Global Land Seasonal Product in netCDF format contains a statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1359Global Forest Canopy Density (Asia)26.35,-10.61,179.66,89.321995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-03T04:00:00ZModified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques were used to estimate forest canopy density within 1 square kilometer pixels, which formed the basis for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1365Global Forest Cover (Africa)-33.19,-41.41,62.62,40.041995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-03T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1364Global Forest Cover (Middle East)29.09,9.24,63.99,38.671995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-03T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]geodata_1367Global Forest Cover (South America)-122.85,-55.78,-18.14,30.461995-01-01T00:00:00Z1996-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-06-03T04:00:00ZThe forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]GES_DISC_NLDAS_FOR0125_H_V001NLDAS Forcing Data L4 Hourly 0.125 x 0.125 degree V001 (NLDAS_FOR0125_H) at GES DISC-125.0,25.0,-67.0,53.01996-08-01T00:00:00Z2007-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-29T04:00:00ZThis data set contains the forcing data for Phase 1 of the North
American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-1). The data are in
1/8th degree grid spacing and ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]SRDB_V1A GLOBAL DATABASE OF SOIL RESPIRATION DATA, VERSION 1.0-159.62,-78.02,175.5,78.01961-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set provides a soil respiration data database (SRDB), a near-universal compendium of published soil respiration (RS) data. Soil respiration, the flux of autotropically- and heterotrophically-generated ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CD37_BIOMASS_LANDSAT_GLASLBA-ECO CD-37 SECONDARY FOREST BIOMASS AND AGE CLASS, RONDONIA, BRAZIL-64.3889,-10.7769,-62.8926,-9.34191975-06-19T00:00:00Z2003-05-20T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set provides tree age, forest formation, and land cover classification maps, and estimates of landscape-level above-ground live woody biomass (AGLB) for secondary forests in Rondonia, Brazil. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]LC04_IBIS_MODELLBA-ECO LC-04 IBIS MODEL SIMULATIONS FOR THE AMAZON AND TOCANTINS BASINS: 1921-1998-80.0,-21.0,-45.0,6.01921-01-01T00:00:00Z1998-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThe provided data were generated by the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) terrestrial ecosystem model (Foley et al. 1996, Kucharik et al. 2000) using data from the CRU05 climate record for the ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]ND08_BIOMASS_JARILBA-ECO ND-08 BIOMASS, NUTRIENTS, AND DECOMPOSITION IN EUCALYPTUS AND PRIMARY FORESTS-52.55,-0.86,-52.55,-0.861999-07-01T00:00:00Z2001-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set reports the concentrations of the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in roots, litterfall, leaves, and twigs, biomass of fine roots ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]TG03_AERONET_SOLAR_FLUXLBA-ECO TG-03 SOLAR SURFACE IRRADIANCE AND PAR, BRAZILIAN AMAZON: 1999-2004-67.8689,-15.7295,-54.9517,-1.92351999-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set includes solar surface irradiance from Kipp and Zonen CM-21 pyranometers, both total unfiltered and filtered (RG695), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from Skye-Probetech ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]NA_TREEAGENACP FOREST AGE MAPS AT 1-KM RESOLUTION FOR CANADA (2004) AND THE U.S.A.(2006)179.251,7.7126,-39.866,67.0081950-01-01T00:00:00Z2006-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set provides forest age map products at 1-km resolution for Canada and the United States (U.S.A.). These continental forest age maps were compiled from forest inventory data, historical ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MODIS_PARNACP: MODIS DAILY LAND INCIDENT 4-KM PAR IMAGES FOR NORTH AMERICA, 2003-2005-110.0,0.0,0.0,90.02003-01-01T00:00:00Z2005-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-04-12T04:00:00ZThis data set contains daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) images over North America for the years 2003 - 2005 and was ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_CHRR_NDH_MULTI_HFDGlobal Multihazard Frequency and Distribution-180.0,-58.0,180.0,85.02000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-14T05:00:00ZGlobal Multihazard Frequency and Distribution is a 2.5 minute grid presenting a simple multihazard index based solely on summated single-hazard decile values. The hazards of interest include cyclones, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_SPECIES_BIRD_RICHGridded Species Distribution, Version 1: Birds of the Americas Family Richness Grids-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02005-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-14T05:00:00ZThe Birds of the Americas Family Richness Grids of the Gridded Species Distribution, Version 1 are the aggregations of the Presence Grids data at the family level. They are available in 30-arc second ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_SPECIES_AMP_RICHGridded Species Distribution, Version 1: Global Amphibians Family Richness Grids-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02005-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-14T05:00:00ZGlobal Amphibians Family Richness Grids of the Gridded Species Distribution, Version 1 are aggregations of the presence grids data at the family level. They are available in 30-arc second (1 kilometer) ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_SPECIES_MAM_RICHGridded Species Distribution, Version 1: Mammals of the Americas Family Richness-180.0,-90.0,0.0,90.02005-01-01T00:00:00Z2007-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-14T05:00:00ZThe Mammals of the Americas Family Richness Grids of the Gridded Species Distribution, Version 1 are aggregations of the presence grids data at the family level. They are available in 30-arc second ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_LWP2_LW_GEOGLast of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2): Last of the Wild Dataset (Geographic)-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.01995-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-14T05:00:00ZThe Last of the Wild Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2) is derived from the LWP-2 Human Footprint Dataset. The gridded data are classified according to their raster value ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_HANPPHANPP Collection: Global Patterns in Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01995-01-01T00:00:00Z1995-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-13T05:00:00ZThe Global Patterns in Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) portion of the HANPP Collection represents a digital map of human appropriation of net primary productivity measured ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_HANPP_NPPHANPP Collection: Global Patterns in Net Primary Productivity (NPP)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01995-01-01T00:00:00Z1995-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-13T05:00:00ZThe Global Patterns in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) portion of the HANPP Collection maps the net amount of solar energy converted to plant organic matter through photosynthesis. NPP is measured ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_NAGDC_PLACEIINational Aggregates of Geospatial Data Collection: Population, Landscape, And Climate Estimates, Version 2 (PLACE II)-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.01990-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-13T05:00:00ZThe Population, Landscape, And Climate Estimates, Version 2 (PLACE II) dataset contains estimates of national-level aggregations of territorial extent and population size by biome, climate zone, coastal ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_NAGDC_PLACEIIINational Aggregates of Geospatial Data Collection: Population, Landscape, And Climate Estimates, Version 3 (PLACE III)-180.0,-58.0,180.0,85.01990-01-01T00:00:00Z1990-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-13T05:00:00ZThe Population, Landscape, And Climate Estimates, Version 3 (PLACE III) data set contains estimates of national-level aggregations in urban, rural, and total designations of territorial extent and ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_ESI_20022002 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01980-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe 2002 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) measures overall progress toward environmental sustainability for 142 countries based on environmental systems, stresses, human vulnerability, social ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_ESI_20052005 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01980-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is a measure of overall progress towards environmental sustainability, developed for 146 countries. The index provides a composite profile of national ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_EPI_20082008 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.02013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe 2008 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) centers on two broad environmental protection objectives: (1) reducing environmental stresses on human health, and (2) promoting ecosystem vitality and ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_EPI_20122012 Environmental Performance Index and Pilot Trend Environmental Performance Index-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02001-01-01T00:00:00Z2010-12-31T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe 2012 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 132 countries on 22 performance indicators in the following 10 policy categories: environmental burden of disease, water (effects on human health), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_CESIC_2004EVICompendium of Environmental Sustainability Indicator Collections: 2004 Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI)-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01973-01-01T00:00:00Z2003-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe 2004 Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) portion of the Compendium of Environmental Sustainability Indicator Collections contains 111 variables for 235 countries and territories. This index ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_CESIC_WELLBEINGCompendium of Environmental Sustainability Indicator Collections: The Wellbeing of Nations-180.0,-55.0,180.0,90.01990-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe Wellbeing of Nations portion of the Compendium of Environmental Sustainability Indicator Collections contains a subset of 123 variables assembled from the Wellbeing of Nations, which assesses ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_AGLANDS_CROP2000Global Agricultural Lands: Croplands, 2000-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe Global Croplands dataset represents the proportion of land areas used as cropland (land used for the cultivation of food) in the year 2000. Satellite data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CIESIN_SEDAC_AGLANDS_PAS2000Global Agricultural Lands: Pastures, 2000-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02000-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-01-01T00:00:00Z2013-02-12T05:00:00ZThe Global Pastures dataset represents the proportion of land areas used as pasture land (land used to support grazing animals) in the year 2000. Satellite data from Modetate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ...