Global Change Master Directorygsfc-gcmduso@mail.nasa.gov502013-05-23T07:52:31ZOBIS Search: [Parameters: Topic='BIOSPHERE', Term='AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS', Variable_Level_1='COASTAL HABITAT']http://mddemo.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/OpenSearch.do 55 0 http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]APISAPIS - Antarctic Pack Ice Seals 1994-1999, plus historical data from the 1980's48.88,-69.2256,150.43,-58.931984-11-11T00:00:00Z2000-01-10T00:00:00Z2013-02-05T05:00:00ZAPIS data were collected between 1994 and 1999. This dataset also includes some historical data collected between 1985 and 1987. Both aerial and ship-board surveys were conducted. Studies on the behaviour ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]BioGoMx_HRIBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexico Database (BioGoMx)-97.86,18.14,-80.26,30.672004-01-01T00:00:00Z2009-07-31T00:00:00Z2012-01-24T05:00:00ZThe Biodiversity of the Gulf of Mexico Database (BioGoMx) was based on a comprehensive biotic inventory of the Gulf of Mexico sponsored by the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies (HRI), ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS.gastropodMarine gastropod distribution from patagonian shallow waters (AR-OBIS)-69.21,-54.85,-64.1,-40.722006-03-01T00:00:00Z2008-09-01T00:00:00Z2011-07-28T04:00:00ZThe study was carried out in the Patagonian coasts from San Antonio's Port (40? S) to Ushuaia (54?S). Samples were taken in 37 places, port and low marine traffic areas, from June 2006 to April 2008.Sample ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS.ARCAtlantic Reference Centre Museum of Canadian Atlantic Organisms - Invertebrates and Fishes Data (OBIS Canada)-69.0,40.0,-24.0,68.01910-06-22T00:00:00Z2005-12-09T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThis is the OBIS version of the Atlantic Reference Centre museum database for Canadian Atlantic marine organisms. Specimens represent invertebrates from sponges to tunicates, and fishes. The ichthyoplankton ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.bofetfBay of Fundy Species Information System (OBIS Canada)-67.1667,44.25,-63.5,45.83331900-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-12-31T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThe Bay of Fundy Species Information System provides taxonomic,
biological and ecological information on diatoms, dinoflagellates, marine
algae, most invertebrate groups, fishes, shore birds, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS.CMN_FISHCOLLECTIONCanadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection (OBIS Canada)-178.93,-40.0,178.0,85.811863-08-01T00:00:00Z2002-07-09T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThis digital database contains an OBIS formatted version of all fish records held at the Canadian Museum of Nature and collected from Canada and the United States as well as from associated marine ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.groundfish_atlasEast Coast North America Strategic Assessment Groundfish Atlas - ECNASAP (OBIS Canada)-75.0,35.0,-50.0,61.01974-01-01T00:00:00Z1994-12-31T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZFishery-independent groundfish data for the east coast of North America from Cape Hatteras to the US/Canadian border and for Bay of Fundy through the Scotian Shelf. Time period is 1970-95. Efforts ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.gwaii_marplantsLiving marine legacy of Gwaii Haanas I: Marine plant baseline to 1999 (OBIS Canada)-133.5,51.8,-130.75,54.31897-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-07-17T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThe database covers the Haida Gwaii archipelago on the West Coast of Canada, including all species of the Haida Gwaii region from any published source, accessible collection and unpublished observations ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.gwaii_invLiving marine legacy of Gwaii Haanas II: Marine invertebrate baseline to 2000 (OBIS Canada)-145.0,49.5,-128.0,56.51800-01-01T00:00:00Z2002-06-14T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThe database covers the Haida Gwaii archipelago, including the contiguous waters of Dixon Entrance, Hecate Strait, Queen Charlotte Sound and westward into the Northeast Pacific to 145 degrees W (based ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.midiMarine Invertebrate Diversity Initiative - MIDI (OBIS Canada)-70.48772,40.339455,-56.42369,47.037661901-01-01T00:00:00Z2003-12-31T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThe goal of Marine Invertebrate Diversity Initiative (MIDI) is to provide information about marine invertebrates (animals without backbones). We hope to engage scientists, educators and students, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]obis.nsmnhNova Scotia Museum of Natural History - Marine Birds, Mammals, and Fishes (OBIS Canada)-130.0,35.0,-45.0,75.01873-01-01T00:00:00Z2002-12-31T00:00:00Z2011-06-27T04:00:00ZThis is the Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History database for marine organisms, including birds, mammals, and fishes. It contains mostly Nova Scotia material but there is also representation from ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AIMS_REEF_Bioresource_LibraryAustralian Institute of Marine Science – Bioresources Library.97.64,-77.87,175.88,13.341987-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2011-04-21T04:00:00ZCollection of marine organisms for bioactivity screening, focused in the shallow waters off the coastlines of Queensland and Western Australia, beginning in 1987 and continuing to the present. Small ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AIMS_GBR_NSCoralsAustralian Institute of Marine Science – Great Barrier Reef nearshore coral diversity145.35114,-21.0,152.66856,-14.01994-01-01T00:00:00Z1997-12-31T00:00:00Z2011-04-21T04:00:00ZSurveys of coral community structure, composition and diversity were carried out at nearshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. 466 sites on 96 reefs between Mackay and Cooktown (latitude ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]cl_udec_copas_unap_phytoplanktonPhytoplankton of the Eastern South Pacific (OBIS, ESPOBIS)-70.459,-22.17,-70.069,-20.4742003-01-01T00:00:00Z2005-10-01T00:00:00Z2010-11-09T05:00:00ZPATACHE: Title: Monitoring of the Structure of Phytoplankton Community in Collahuasi's Mining Project at Port Area in Punta Patache, Chile. Project funded by the mining company Do?a In?s de Collahuasi. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]madagascar_coralsMADAGASCAR National Oceanographic Data Centre - Corals43.58,-23.38,43.58,-23.382001-07-29T00:00:00Z2001-08-18T00:00:00Z2010-11-04T04:00:00ZThe Madagascar National Oceanographic Data Centre is attached to the University of Toliara. Some of the research achievements of the Oceanographic Data Centre are: a project for the protection of ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]madagascar_diatomsMADAGASCAR National Oceanographic Data Centre - Diatoms43.61,-23.38,43.68,-23.352003-10-01T00:00:00Z2004-10-31T00:00:00Z2010-11-04T04:00:00ZThe Madagascar National Oceanographic Data Centre is attached to the University of Toliara. Some of the research achievements of the Oceanographic Data Centre are: a project for the protection of ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]madagascar_dinoflagellesMADAGASCAR National Oceanographic Data Centre - Dinoflagellates43.61,-23.38,43.68,-23.352002-12-01T00:00:00Z2003-12-31T00:00:00Z2010-11-04T04:00:00ZThe Madagascar National Oceanographic Data Centre is attached to the University of Toliara. Some of the research achievements of the Oceanographic Data Centre are: a project for the protection of ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]madagascar_fishMADAGASCAR National Oceanographic Data Centre - Fish43.58,-23.38,43.58,-23.382001-07-29T00:00:00Z2001-08-18T00:00:00Z2010-11-04T04:00:00ZThe Madagascar National Oceanographic Data Centre is attached to the University of Toliara. Some of the research achievements of the Oceanographic Data Centre are: a project for the protection of ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]madagascar_invertebratesMADAGASCAR National Oceanographic Data Centre - Invertebrates43.58,-23.38,43.58,-23.382001-07-29T00:00:00Z2001-08-18T00:00:00Z2010-11-04T04:00:00ZThe Madagascar National Oceanographic Data Centre is attached to the University of Toliara. Some of the research achievements of the Oceanographic Data Centre are: a project for the protection of ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]MaineInvasivesA Historical Record of Sponges, Bryozoa and Ascidians on the Coast of Maine: 1843-1980 (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences) -70.7,42.6,-66.9,45.21843-01-01T00:00:00Z1980-12-31T00:00:00Z2010-04-16T04:00:00ZRecords of the occurrences of marine and estuarine sponges, bryozoans and ascideans on the coast of Maine have been compiled from the historic literature spanning the time frame of 1843 to 1980. These ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]CascoBay_PortlandHarborEnvironmental Benchmark Studies in Casco Bay-Portland Harbor, Maine, April 1980-70.27,43.6,-69.95,43.851980-01-01T00:00:00Z1980-12-31T00:00:00Z2010-04-16T04:00:00ZThe soft bottom macrobenthic communities of Casco Bay and Portland Harbor, Maine were sampled in April 1980 in order to provide an environmental benchmark. Fifty-six subtidal stations were occupied ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS.HEXACORALLIAHexacorallians of the World (IOBIS)-180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.02010-03-02T05:00:00ZA compilation of publications concerning taxonomy, nomenclature, and geographic
distribution of extant hexacorallians - members of cnidarian orders Actiniaria
(sea anemones in the strict ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]mcm_sealsMarine and Coastal Management (MCM) - Seal Surveys11.68,-34.98,26.11,-17.471974-04-08T00:00:00Z2001-06-01T00:00:00Z2009-10-29T04:00:00ZMarine and Coastal Management (MCM) is one of four branches of the Department
of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. It is the regulatory authority
responsible for managing all marine ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]aims_reef_bruvsAustralian Institute of Marine Science - Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (BRUVS)141.0,-25.0,153.0,-9.01994-01-01T00:00:00Z1997-12-31T00:00:00Z2009-10-02T04:00:00ZRecordings of marine organism attracted to baited underwater video cameras (BRUVS). BRUVS are deployed in groups of 4-6, separated by approximately 450 m, for approximately 60 minutes. The spacing ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AROBIS.eseals_IIDistribution ashore and breeding places of southern elephant seals in South America-69.0,-54.83,-35.9,-3.85-109.2592,-56.5,-66.4911,-0.31471927-01-01T00:00:00Z2005-01-26T00:00:00Z2009-08-26T04:00:00ZDatabase with number of individuals and distribution of the southern elephant
seals (Mirounga leonina) of Pen?nsula Vald?s, Argentina,breeding colony. ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AROBIS.seabirdsBreeding Distribution of seabirds in Patagonia Argentina coast (OBIS South America, ARGENTINA (AR-OBIS) SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC)-69.15,-55.0667,-61.8833,-38.96671990-11-19T00:00:00Z2005-12-30T00:00:00Z2009-08-06T04:00:00ZUpdated distribution of sixteen species of seabirds along the Patagonian coast.
Number of breeding pairs at colonies of penguins, cormorants, gulls and terns
were ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AROBIS.INIDEPICHTHYOLOGIC COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND FISHERY DEVELOPMENT (INIDEP) OF ARGENTINA-69.02,-62.23,-37.19,-34.041961-05-29T00:00:00Z2006-10-09T00:00:00Z2009-08-06T04:00:00ZENGLISH
Fishes collection hosted in National Research Institute and Fishery Development
(INIDEP) under curatorial of Ichthyologic ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AROBIS.EcocentroBallenasSouthern right whales distribution in Bahía Nueva, Puerto Madryn, Argentina (AR-OBIS)-65.25,-42.97,-63.57,-42.012003-11-15T00:00:00Z2005-09-31T00:00:00Z2009-08-06T04:00:00ZDatabase containing unpublished information about the position of south Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena australis) in the Bah?a Nueva (located between 42? 41' 55" S - 64? 59' 38" W and 42? 47' 08" ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AIMS_LTM_NSAustralian Institute of Marine Science – Long-term monitoring Program: Nearshore corals of the Great Barrier Reef145.35114,-23.9,152.66856,-16.52004-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-12-31T00:00:00Z2009-07-21T04:00:00ZSurveys of coral species richness were carried out at nearshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia in conjunction with surveys of size structure and percentage cover of hard and soft coral ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AIMS_REEF_LTMAIMS - LTM Nearshore Corals (OBIS Australia)145.44,-23.35,150.97,-16.02004-01-01T00:00:00Z2004-12-31T00:00:00Z2009-05-13T04:00:00ZSurveys of coral species richness were carried out at nearshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia in conjunction with surveys of size structure and percentage cover of hard and soft coral ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]Ant_Echinoids_SCARMarBINAntarctic Echinoids: an interactive database [SCAR-MarBIN]-180.0,-80.0,180.0,-45.01872-01-01T00:00:00Z2000-12-31T00:00:00Z2009-04-28T04:00:00Z"Antarctic Echinoids" is an interactive database synthesising the results of
more than 100 years of Antarctic expeditions. It comprises information about
81 echinoid species ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MAGNTMuseum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory marine fauna data via OZCAM145.883,-27.467,153.24,-9.533130.35,-12.8,130.35,-12.81892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-04-15T04:00:00ZThe Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT) collections place
the region's art, history and culture, and natural history in an Australian and
international ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MV_MammalogyMuseum Victoria Mammalogy data via OZCAM-91.8333,-77.85,178.0,52.91892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-15T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to Museum Victoria's Mammalogy Collection. Museum
Victoria, Australia's largest public museums organisation, is the State Museum
for Victoria (Australia), responsible ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]nagisa1Natural Geography In Shore Areas (NaGISA) Dataset Version 1, Released 2005. -147.73555,33.6941,135.3658,60.4844442002-01-01T00:00:00Z2005-12-30T00:00:00Z2009-01-15T05:00:00ZThis dataset provides data collected during the Natural Geography In Shore Areas (NaGISA) quantitative global nearshore census. The data is coming in (i.e. the dataset is continually being added to ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]AIMS_REEF_GBR_coralsAIMS - GBR Nearshore Coral Diversity Surveys (OBIS Australia)145.1,-20.82,149.29,-14.651994-01-01T00:00:00Z1997-12-31T00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZA number of Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) research activities involve monitoring different aspects of coral reefs. Surveys of coral community structure, composition and diversity were ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]uct_algaeBolus Herbarium Algal Specimen Database1.15,-60.14,40.03,-14.451865-11-15T00:00:00Z2005-08-22T00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThe Bolus Herbarium algal collection is the most comprehensive collection in
South Africa. Though housing collections from the whole of the South African
coastline and also from Namibia, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MV_EntomologyMuseum Victoria Entomology data via OZCAM143.9667,-38.5333,145.0,-37.81671892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to Museum Victoria's Entomology Collection. Museum
Victoria, Australia's largest public museums organisation, is the State Museum
for Victoria (Australia), responsible ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MV_IchthyologyMuseum Victoria Ichthyology data via OZCAM-179.2667,-77.5,179.9833,62.71892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to Museum Victoria's Ichthyology Collection which
comprises bony fish, cartilagenous fish and lancelets. Museum Victoria,
Australia's largest public museums organisation, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MV_MarineInvertebratesMuseum Victoria Marine Invertebrates data via OZCAM-176.0,-76.9167,178.1833,80.61864-05-01T00:00:00Z2005-03-01T00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to Museum Victoria's Marine Biology collections which
comprise invertebrate (non insect) taxa. Museum Victoria, Australia's largest
public museums organisation, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MV_OrnithologyMuseum Victoria Ornithology data via OZCAM48.3,-67.8333,179.9667,-9.11671892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to Museum Victoria's Ornithology Collection. Museum
Victoria, Australia's largest public museums organisation, is the State Museum
for Victoria (Australia), responsible ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MAGNT_IchthyologyMuseum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Ichthyology data via OZCAM145.883,-27.467,153.24,-9.5331892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern
Territory's (MAGNT) Ichthology (fish) collections. The MAGNT collections place
the region's art, history and culture, ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MAGNT_MolluscaMuseum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Mollusca data via OZCAM130.35,-12.8,130.35,-12.81892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern
Territory (MAGNT) Mollusca collections. MAGNT places the region's art, history
and culture, and natural history ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]NIO_COLLECTIONNIO COLLECTION - Biological Collections of the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India (released online October 2006)0.0,0.0,93.07,22.471970-12-13T00:00:00Z1996-02-04T00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZNational Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, India is premier oceanographic
research institution in India. It has a strong biological oceanography division
which maintains biological ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_QM_CrustaceaQueensland Museum Crustacea data via OZCAM140.8333,-27.36666,153.1667,-12.251892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThis data source pertains to the Queensland Museum's Crustacea Collection. The
collection includes around 22,000 catalogued specimens. Its strengths lie in
the decapod groups including ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_QMQueensland Museum marine fauna data via OZCAM140.8333,-27.36666,153.1667,-12.251892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2009-01-09T05:00:00ZThe Queensland Museum is valued as an innovative, exciting and accessible
museum of science, environment and human experience of international standing.
The Queensland Museum (QM) provides ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_HMAPHMAP - History of Marine Animal Populations Database-67.78,51.32,154.18,85.01611-01-01T00:00:00Z1999-12-31T00:00:00Z2008-12-23T05:00:00ZThe HMAP database (http://www.hull.ac.uk/hmap) is an open access facility that currently comprises time series of commercial catches covering the period 1611-2000. It is a growing resource and extends ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]OBIS_OZCAM_MVMuseum Victoria marine faunal data via OZCAM48.3,-67.833,179.9667,-9.1167-91.8333,-77.85,178.0,52.9143.9667,-38.5333,145.0,-37.8167-179.2667,-77.5,179.9833,62.7-176.0,-76.9167,178.1833,80.61892-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2008-05-22T04:00:00ZMuseum Victoria, Australia's largest public museums organisation, is the State
Museum for Victoria (Australia), responsible for the care of the state's
collections, conducting research, and providing ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]GoMA-Intertidal_BiodiversityIntertidal Biodiversity in the Gulf of Maine: Detecting Patterns of Diversity and Change-70.65833,43.08417,-66.96444,44.8152005-06-27T00:00:00Z2005-08-27T00:00:00Z2008-05-07T04:00:00ZEpibenthic macroinvertebrate communities were examined at six rocky intertidal locations along the Maine shore. Sampled locations were distributed across nearly the entire coast of Maine from Kittery ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]scarmarbin_SOMBASESouthern Ocean Mollusc Database [SCAR-MarBIN]-180.0,-90.0,180.0,-55.02007-04-09T04:00:00ZUnderstanding where organisms live and why they live there is the key aim of
ecology. SOMBASE is a tool for looking at marine molluscs in the seas around
Antarctica. Using a database and the latest ...http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]scarmarbin_ABBEDAdmiralty Bay Benthos Biodiversity Database [SCAR-MarBIN]1906-01-01T00:00:00ZT00:00:00Z2007-02-26T05:00:00ZAdmiralty Bay is one of the best studied sites in the maritime Antarctic. The
first benthos data has been recorded in 1906 and knowledge is constantly gained
by the research activities of permanent ...