Stratospheric Aerosols and PSC lidar optical properties profiles at Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica
Entry ID:
209_0_IPEV_FR
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Summary
Abstract:
Instrument History: Since 1989, France leads a monitoring program on human impacts on the Antarctic polar stratosphere. A set of instruments designed to measure ozone and parameters linked to its chemical equilibrium, were implemented on the French Antarctic base, Dumont d'Urville. The French Polar Institute (IPEV, Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor) supplies recurrent funding and ... logistics. In this frame, ground-based lidar aerosol and PSC observations were first conducted within the POLE (Polar Ozone Experiment), a French-Italian collaboration between the Service d' Aeronomie-IPSL and the IROE-CNR. In 1989, a backscatter lidar to measure stratospheric particles was implemented. In 1991, this lidar became a multi-wavelength system allowing sequential observations of the vertical distribution of ozone and stratospheric particles. Failures of this out of date instrument forced to completely stop ozone measurement in 2000. Stratospheric particles observations continued, but were almost unexploitable.
A new instrument was then studied, since 2002, within a new French-Italian collaboration between Service d' Aeronomie-IPSL (becoming LATMOS-IPSL in 2009) and ISAC-CNR. Named LOANA (Lidar Ozone and Aerosols of NDACC in Antarctica), this new lidar system in Dumont d'Urville includes the upgrade of the aerosol/PSC lidar, of the ozone lidar and addition of a temperature lidar. Field implementation started in 2005 for a one year test. Stratospheric particles and temperature measurement are operational since 2006. Ozone measurements only started in 2008, due to THG (Third Harmonic Generator) and PM (Photo-Multipliers) failures. Today, this lidar system is the most complete and is unique on the Antarctic continent. In particular, the ozone lidar in Dumont d'Urville was and is now again the sole instrument of that type running in an operational mode in Antarctica.
Instrument Description:
The aerosol/PSC lidar in Dumont d'Urville is a backscatter Rayleigh-Mie lidar designed to observe particles in the lower stratosphere, roughly between 8 and 32 km. The system is also able to measure upper stratospheric temperatures at altitudes higher the 30 km (see Dumont d'Urville temperature lidar metafile) and has common part with the ozone lidar (see Dumont d'Urville ozone lidar metafile). The aerosol/PSC lidar is very similar to the McMurdo instrument, as it was build within collaboration with the Italian group in charge of the McMurdo system.
Here are the main characteristics of the instrument:
- Emitted wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm (Nd:YAG 10 Hz pulsed laser)
- Aer/PSC/T and O3 switch box (manual change optical path)
- Biaxial emission (~ 60 cm out of alignment)
- Beam expander to get 0.5 mrad beam divergence
- 80 cm Newton telescope
- Mechanical chopper (cut signal between 0-5 km)
- First beam splitter: UV / Visible and IR
- Hamamatsu photomultipliers for 532 nm and 608 nm
- Embedded Devices photodiode for 1064 nm
- Photo-counting mode at 532 nm and 608 nm (60 m vertical resolution)
- Analog mode at 1064 nm (15 m vertical resolution)
- Aer/PSC/T and ozone electronical switch
- Embedded Devices electronic acquisition cards
- Labview acquisition software (developed in 2008)
Algorithm Description:
A new semi-automatic processing code was developed in 2008. Stratospheric particles data processing is divided into three steps. First, atmospheric molecular optical properties are calculated, from daily PTU profiles, provided by the French Met Office (Météo-France) radiosondes. Then, total background (sky and detection) is estimated from upper levels, where signal-to-noise ratio is very low (typically above 80 km). This second step is the most sensitive part of data processing and the largest source of uncertainties on the retrieved optical properties. Finally, the inversion is made using the well-known "Fernald-Klett" method. The altitudes of the different scattering layers are first determined, in order to define a rough profile of lidar ratio (extinction to backscatter coefficients ratio) with literature values.
The optical parameters profiles (8-32 km) obtained at the end of this process are:
- Backscatter coefficient (km-1.sr-1) and backscatter ratio (ratio of the aerosol backscattering coefficient to the total backscattering coefficient) at 532 nm on the parallel polarisation plane (to the emission polarisation);
- Backscatter coefficient (km-1.sr-1) and backscatter ratio at 532 nm on the perpendicular polarisation plane (to the emission polarisation);
- Volume total depolarisation ratio at 532 nm (defined as the ratio of the perpendicular backscattering coefficient to the total backscattering coefficient). 
Related URL
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Description:
Access data through NDACC data base :
ftp data extraction for Dumont d'Urville lidar (Aerosols/PSC and Ozone)
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Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: -66.66
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S: -66.66
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E: 140.01
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W: 140.01
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Min Altitude:
8 KM
Max Altitude:
35 KM
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Data Resolution
Latitude Resolution:
66.666667
Longitude Resolution:
140.016667
Vertical Resolution:
60 m
Temporal Resolution:
5 min
Quality
Expected precision / Accuracy of the instrument:
A study of error sources for aerosols lidar on Observatory of Haute-Provence and Dumont d'Urville is provided in Chazette et al. (1995). No specific evaluation was performed since the new system implementation. Meanwhile, we expect an uncertainty on backscattering coefficient not exceeding 15% (for low aerosols content).
Access Constraints
Public data. Please inform investigator before using data. Email: julien.jumelet@latmos.ipsl.fr
Use Constraints
Please acknowledge NDACC and IPEV in any presentation or publication using data. Please cite investigator in any presentation or publication using data. Email: julien.jumelet@latmos.ipsl.fr
Data Set Progress
IN WORK
Distribution
Distribution Media:
ELECTRONIC MEDIA > Online FTP
Distribution Size:
160 Mo
Distribution Format:
ASCII > American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Fees:
Free
Personnel
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Email:
yann.courcoux at latmos.ipsl.fr
Contact Address:
LATMOS / IPSL
11, boulevard d'Alembert
City:
Guyancourt
Postal Code:
78280
Country:
France
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Phone:
+33 (0)1 44 27 84 43
Fax:
+33 (0)1 44 27 37 76
Email:
Julien.Jumelet at latmos.ipsl.fr
Contact Address:
LATMOS / IPSL
Université Paris 6 - B102
Tour 45-46, 3e étage
4, place Jussieu
City:
Paris Cedex 05
Postal Code:
75252
Country:
France
Publications/References
Chazette P., C. David, J. Lefrère, J. Pelon, S. Godin, and G. Mégie, Study of the optical, geometrical and dynamical properties of stratospheric post-volcanic aerosols from lidar remote sensing at 532 nm, following the eruptions of El Chichon and Mt Pinatubo, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23195-23207, 1995. David C., P. Keckhut, A. Armetta, J. Jumelet, M. Marchand, and S. Bekki, Radiosondes ... Stratospheric Temperatures from 1957 to 2008 at Dumont d’Urville (Antarctica): trends and link with Polar Stratospheric Clouds, submitted to ACPD, 2009.
David C., J. Jumelet, A. Klekociuk, M. Snels, and M.C. Pitts, Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds in Dumont d'Urville, SPIE Newsroom. DOI: 10.1117/2.1200808.1248, 2008.
David C., S. Bekki, N. Berdunov, M. Marchand and G. Mégie, Classification and scales of Antarctic Polar Stratospheric Clouds using wavelet decomposition, J. Atm. Solar-Terrestr. Physics, 67, 293-300, 2005.
David, C, S. Bekki, S. Godin, G. Mégie and M.P. Chipperfield, Polar Stratospheric Clouds climatology over Dumont d'Urville between 1989 and 1993 and the influence of volcanic aerosols on their formation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,163-22,180, 1998.
Godin S., V. Bergeret, S. Bekki, C. David, and G. Mégie,, Study of the interannual ozone loss and the permeability of the Antarctic polar vortex from aerosols and ozone lidar measurements in Dumont d'Urville (66.4°S, 140°E), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1311-1330, 2001.
Jumelet J., C. David, S. Bekki, and P. Keckhut, Uniwavelength lidar sensitivity to spherical aerosol microphysical properties for the interpretation of lagrangian stratospheric observations, J. of Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys., 71, 121-131, doi:10.1016/j., 2009.
Jumelet J., S. Bekki, C. David, and P. Keckhut, Statistical estimation of stratospheric particle size distribution by combining optical modelling and lidar scattering measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1–14, 2008.
Ricaud Ph., E. Monnier, F. Goutail, C. David, S. Godin, F. Lefèvre, L. Froidevaux, J. Waters, J. Mergenthaler, J. B. Kumer, A. E. Roche, H. Pumphrey, and R. S. Harwood, The stratosphere over Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, in winter 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13267-13284, 1998.
Sacco V.M. et al., Elastic backscattering Lidar System for Atmospheric measurements in Antarctica, Opt. & Quant. Electr., 21, 215-226, 1989.
Santacesaria V., A.R. MacKenzie and L. Stefanutti, A climatological study of polar stratospheric clouds (1989-1997) from lidar measurements over Dumont d'Urville (Antarctica), Tellus (B), 53, 306-321, 2001.
Stefanutti, L., M. Morandi, M. Del Guasta, S. Godin and C. David, Unusual PSCs observed by lidar in Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2377-2380, 1995.
Stefanutti L, F. Castagnoli, M. Del Guasta, M. Morandi, V.M. Sacco, L. Zuccagnoli, S. Godin, G. Mégie, and J. Porteneuve, The Antarctic ozone lidar system, Appl. Phys. B, 55, 3-12, 1992.
Stefanutti L. et al., A Four Wavelength Depolarization Backscattering Lidar for Polar Stratospheric Cloud Monitoring, Appl. Phys. B55, 13-17, 1992.
Stefanutti L, M. Morandi, M. Del Guasta, S. Godin, G. Mégie, J. Brechet and J. Picquard, Polar stratospheric clouds observations over the Antarctic continent at Dumont d'Urville, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12975-12987, 1991.
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2009-07-28
Last DIF Revision Date:
2013-02-12
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