Abstract:
This data set provides a Climate Data Record (CDR) of passive microwave sea ice concentration based on the recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC) (2004). It is produced from gridded brightness temperatures from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave radiometers: F-8, F-11, and F-13. The NOAA/NSIDC ... CDR sea ice concentrations provide a consistent, daily time series of sea ice concentrations from 09 July 1987 through 31 December 2007. The NOAA/NSIDC CDR sea ice concentrations are an estimate of the fraction of ocean area covered by sea ice that is produced by combining concentration estimates created using two algorithms developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): the NASA Team algorithm (Cavalieri et al., 1984) and the Bootstrap algorithm (Comiso, 1986). The individual algorithms are processed and combined at NSIDC using brightness temperature data from Remote Sensing Systems, Inc. (RSS). The data are gridded on the NSIDC polar stereographic grid with 25 x 25 km grid cells and are available in netCDF file format. Each daily file includes four different sea ice concentration variables: a variable with the primary CDR sea ice concentrations created by NSIDC and three variables with sea ice concentrations created by Goddard. The three Goddard-processed sea ice concentrations are Goddard NASA Team algorithm sea ice concentrations, Goddard Bootstrap sea ice concentrations, and a merged version of the Goddard NASA Team/Bootstrap algorithm sea ice concentrations. Variables containing standard deviation, quality flags, and projection information are also included in the netCDF file. The three Goddard-produced sea ice concentrations are included in the data files for a number of reasons. The merged Goddard NASA Team/Bootstrap sea ice concentrations are an ancillary data set that is analogous to the NSIDC CDR data but that adds late 1978 through mid 1986 data to the record. A different instrument, the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), was the source for the brightness temperatures from this period. Sea ice concentrations from the extended period are not part of the primary NSIDC-produced CDR record because complete documentation of the SMMR brightness temperature processing method is not available. The separate Goddard NASA Team and Bootstrap sea ice concentrations are provided for reference. The data are available via FTP.
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City:
Boulder
Province or State:
CO
Postal Code:
80309-0449
Country:
USA
Publications/References
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Carsey, F. D. (Ed.). 1992. Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice. American Geophysical Union, 462 pp.
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson. Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Concentrations from Multichannel Passive-Microwave Satellite Data Sets: October 1978 - September 1995 - User's Guide. NASA Technical Memorandum 104647. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.
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Meier, W. N. 2005. Comparison of Passive Microwave Ice Concentration Algorithm Retrievals with AVHRR Imagery in Arctic Peripheral Seas. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(6): 1324-1337.
Partington, K., T. Flynn, D. Lamb, C. Bertoia, and K. Dedrick. 2003. Late Twentieth Century Northern Hemisphere Sea-Ice Record from U.S. National Ice Center Ice Charts. J. Geophys. Res. 108(C11): 3343. doi:10.1029/2002JC001623.
Steffen, K., J. Key, D. J. Cavalieri, J. Comiso, P. Gloersen, K. St. Germain, and I. Rubinstein. 1992. The Estimation of Geophysical Parameters using Passive Microwave Algorithms, in 'Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice.' F.D. Carsey, ed., American Geophysical Union Monograph 68, Washington, DC:201-231.
National Research Council of the National Academies. 2004. Climate Data Records from Environmental Satellites: Interim Report. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 150 pp.
