Abstract:
Mission Objective: Please see the relevant SIR-C/X-SAR Mission description contained in the references and as Supplementary Information for "sensor"(X-SAR).
There were two Missions with the following time frame: - Space Shuttle Mission STS-59: Start_Date: 1994-04-09 Stop_Date: 1994-04-20 - Space ... Shuttle Mission STS-68: Start_Date: 1994-09-30 Stop_Date: 1994-10-11 Worldwide coverage and map prints are available on World Wide Web (see below).
Data Set Content: The GEC data set contains X-SAR detected images, represented in a uniform, preselected cartographic presentation. The image axes (i.e. the row and column direction of the pixels) are parallel to the cartographic coordinate system used.The cartographic system used for worldwide reference is the Universal Transversal Mercator System (UTM). The product mentioned here can be produced for each region of the world, which is imaged by the X-SAR sensor. Except for the cartographic references and possibly maps for quality control test, it does not utilize data sets outside the SAR image generation chain. Therefore, no terrain correction is applied to this product. The SAR inherent geometric terrain distorsions like layover and shadowing are not considered and degrade the absolute pixel location accuracy to maps especially in hilly terrain.
Intended Use: Geocoded data will be available after availability of off-line processed precision MGD products. Geocoded data sets can be used by the scientific or commercial community which will refer the actual SAR data to geographic/cartographic places. Ellipsoid corrected geocoded products are intended for that area of applications or when relative geometric accuracy can be dispensed with some purposes.
Input Data: - The standard MGD product formatted in CEOS, including parameters used for the slant to ground range projection. - Orbit data from the PATH tape annotated in the MGD product - Map projection constants to be applied.
Processing Algorithm; The geocoding is based on the radargrammetric functions delivered by sensor references and processing parameters. These are: - orbit state and velocity - precise range measurements by sensor and corresponding annotation within the processor - azimuth timing information within the processor (i.e. The range line must be annotated with the zero-Doppler orbit time.) - map projection formula, where geographic latitude and longitude are transferred to appropriate map coordinates. As ellipsoid reference is used, the discrete transformation formula will only be computed for a mesh of discrete points. Bilinear interpolation is performed within this grid. Oversampling is applied to avoid aliasing when resampling to map grid. The standard resampling procedure is cubic convolution.
Product Parameter: Equivalent no. of looks in azimuth 1.5 - 2.5 in range 1 - 3 Geometric representation cartographic UTM ellipsoid use WG584 Data representation detected, amplitude pixel quantization 16 bit, signed integer Ground area covered azimuth > 100 km range < 62.5 km Product orientation x-axis easting y-axis northing Spatial Resolution 25 m (determined by the MGD product) Absolute location error < 150 m (if tiepoints can be applied and for flat terrain) Pixel spacing northing 12.5 m easting 12.5 m Number of pixels northing 8000 ... 8960 easting 4000 ... 8960 Image data volume up to 160 MBytes
Access to the data: On-line access to data and information as well to digital quicklook DQL or browse data is provided by the Intelligent Satellite Data Information System (ISIS), developed by DLR as a client / server configuration. It represents the interface of DLR-DFD to users, providing easy access to catalogue-, inventory-, browse- and general textual information.
ISIS can be accessed with World Wide Web by URL: http://www.dfd.dlr.de and clicking on `Information Services (ISIS)` or `Accessing ISIS` (telnet).
ISIS can also be accessed by telnet directly: input: telnet isis.dfd.dlr.de user: dlrpid password: -
Other procedures (modem or X-25) to access ISIS are described as 'Supplemen- tary Information' for data centers (keyword 'ISIS'. Access presumes the in- stallation of the client software (available free of charge) which can be easily done by users (supplied by DLR/DFD).
Digital and photographic products may be ordered at DFD - Help Desk,see Data Center Contact. There is also available on CD-ROM and on Web a set of image sample products as well as general and specific information about the X-SAR missions. This 'user-kit' can be accessed via Web with URL: http://eoweb.dlr.de:8080/index.html
PROF.ING. MARIO
CALAMIA Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Phone:
+39-55-4796-269
Fax:
+39-55-4796-441
Contact Address:
Facolta D'Ingegneria
Via S. Marta, 3 City:
Firenze
Postal Code:
I-50139
Country:
Italy
WOLFGANG
NOACK Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+49-8153-281390
Fax:
+49-8153-281446
Email:
noack at dfd.dlr.de
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20 City:
Wessling
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
DR. HERWIG
OETTL Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Phone:
+49-8153-28-2365
Fax:
+49-8153-281465
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20 City:
Wessling
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
HARTWIG
SCHROETER Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+49-8153-281400
Fax:
+49-8153-281343
Email:
schroete at dfd.dlr.de
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20 City:
WESSLING
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
MARIAN
WERNER Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+49-8153-28-2397
Fax:
+49-8153-281449
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20 Province or State:
WESSLING
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
Publications/References
Boscence, D. 1989, Biogenic carbonate production in Florida Bay, Bulletin of Marine Science, 44(1): 419-433<, University of Florida Press
Frankignoulle, M. 1988, Field Measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange, Limnology and Oceanography, 33(3):313-322, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Millero, F. J. 1979, The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater, ... Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 43:1651-1661, Geochemical Society (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
Smith, S. V., Key, G. S. 1975, 1975 Carbon dioxide and metabolism in marine environments, Limnology and Oceanography, 20:493-495, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Stockman, K. W., Ginsburg, R. N., Shinn, E. A. 1967, The production of lime mud by algae in South Florida, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37(2):633-648, S E P M Society for Sedimentary Geology
Sugiura, Y., Ibert, E. R., Hood, D. W. 1963, Mass transfer of carbon dioxide across sea surfaces, Journal of Marine Research, 21(1):11-24, Sears Foundation for Marine Research
Wanninkhof, R. 1992, Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97:7373-7382, American Geophysical Union
Barnes, D. J. 1983, Profiling coral reef productivity and calcification using pH and oxygen electrodes, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 66:149-161, , Elsevier Science BV
Barnes, D. J., Devereux, M. J. 1984, Productivity and calcification on a coral reef: a survey using pH and oxygen electrode techniques, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 79:213-231, Elsevier Science BV
Frankignoulle, M., Disteche, A. 1984, CO2 chemistry in the water column above a Posidonia seagrass bed and related air-sea exchanges, Oceanologica Acta, 7(2):209-219, Institute Franceis de Recherche pour lapos;Exploitation de la Mer
Gattuso, J. P., Pichon, M., Delesalle, B., Frankignoulle, M. 1993, Community metabolism and air-sea CO2 fluxes in a coral reef ecosystem (Moorea, French Polynesia), Marine Ecology Progress Series, 96:259-267, Inter-Research
Kayanne, H., Suzuki, A., Saito, H. 1995, Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef water, Science, 269:214-216, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Smith, S. V. 1973, Carbon dioxide dynamics: a record of organic carbon production, respiration, and calcification in the Eniwetok reef flat community, Limnology and Oceanography, 18(1):106-120, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
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